Learning and Teaching

Learning, according to Clark, Kirschner, and Sweller (2012), is fundamentally defined as:

"A change in long-term memory." 

The primary objective of all instructional activities is to augment knowledge and skills within an individual's long-term memory. Consequently, if no addition or modification occurs in long-term memory, it can be concluded that learning has not taken place.

The principles of how students learn most effectively and efficiently are derived from extensive research rooted in the science of learning. This interdisciplinary field connects findings from cognitive science, neuroscience, and educational psychology to the practicalities of teaching and learning processes.

As a parent, you play a crucial role in supporting and enhancing your child's learning. Here are some strategies grounded in the science of learning that you can use to help your child learn effectively and efficiently.

Creating a Supportive Learning Environment

1. Establish a Routine
   • Set regular times for studying, breaks, and recreational activities to create a balanced routine.
   • Ensure that your child has a quiet, well-lit, and organized space dedicated to studying.
2. Encourage a Growth Mindset
   • Promote the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed with effort and perseverance.
   • Praise your child for their hard work, strategies, and progress rather than innate talent.

Enhancing Memory and Understanding

1. Active Engagement
   • Encourage your child to engage actively with the material by asking questions, summarizing information, and teaching back what they have learned.
   • Use techniques like retrieval practice, where they recall information without looking at their notes, to strengthen memory.
2. Connect New Information to Prior Knowledge
   • Help your child make connections between new information and what they already know to facilitate deeper understanding and retention.
   • Use real-life examples and applications to make learning more relevant and meaningful.

Managing Cognitive Load

1. Break Down Complex Information
   • Divide complex tasks into smaller, manageable chunks to prevent cognitive overload.
   • Use visual aids, diagrams, and mind maps to simplify and organize information.
2. Minimize Distractions
   • Reduce extraneous cognitive load by limiting distractions during study time. This includes turning off unnecessary devices and finding a quiet environment.
   • Help your child focus on one task at a time rather than multitasking.

Supporting Emotional and Physical Wellbeing

1. Encourage Physical Activity
   • Regular physical activity can boost cognitive function, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being.
   • Incorporate activities like walking, playing sports, or dancing into your child's routine.
2. Ensure Adequate Sleep
   • Prioritize a consistent sleep schedule, as sufficient rest is essential for memory consolidation and cognitive performance.
   • Create a bedtime routine that promotes relaxation and avoids screen time before sleep.
3. Foster Emotional Support
   • Be supportive and understanding of your child's emotional needs. Encourage them to express their feelings and concerns.
   • Provide positive reinforcement and be a source of encouragement and motivation.

Leveraging Technology and Resources

1. Use Educational Tools and Resources
   • Utilize educational apps, websites, and tools that are designed to enhance learning through interactive and engaging methods.
   • Monitor and guide the use of technology to ensure it supports rather than hinders learning.
2. Stay Involved and Communicate
   • Regularly communicate with your child's teachers to stay informed about their progress and any areas that need attention.
   • Attend school events and meetings to stay engaged with your child's education.

By implementing these strategies, you can create an environment that supports your child's learning process, helping them to develop the knowledge and skills needed for long-term academic success.

Laura Leung

Learning and Teaching