You can find previous skills for work issue information in these issues:

THIS ISSUE

10 questions to ask in an Informational Interview

How to get the most out of an informational interview

How to land your Christmas casual job

How to ask for a letter of recommendation

10 things every entrepreneur should know

Issue 8

Entrepreneurship, Skills for Work-7 skills every entrepreneur needs

10 free skills that will boost your career confidence

Issue 5

The benefits of networking

How social media can affect your work life

The power of portfolios

10 questions to ask in an Informational Interview

You've done it! You've reached out to a professional, arranged a time to chat, and now you're sitting across from someone who actually works in the field you're considering. But what should you ask them? The questions you choose can make the difference between a polite but surface-level conversation and a genuinely illuminating discussion that helps shape your future decisions.

The best informational interview questions are open-ended, encourage storytelling, and help you understand not just what someone does, but what it's really like to do it. They should give you insights you simply can't find in job descriptions or university course catalogues. Most importantly, they should help you figure out whether this career path aligns with your interests, values, and goals.

Here are ten proven questions that will help you make the most of your informational interview, along with why each one is so valuable and what kind of insights you can expect to gain.

"Can you walk me through what a typical day or week looks like in your role?"

This question is absolutely essential because it cuts through all the formal job descriptions and gives you the real picture of what this person actually does with their time. You'll discover whether they spend most of their day in meetings or working independently, whether their schedule is predictable or constantly changing, and what kinds of tasks actually fill their working hours.

When someone describes their typical day, they'll often reveal aspects of the job that aren't immediately obvious. A marketing professional might mention that they spend a surprising amount of time analysing data rather than creating campaigns, or a teacher might explain how much of their evening is spent planning lessons and marking assignments. These details help you understand whether the reality of the job matches your expectations and interests.

This question also gives you insight into the work environment and culture. You'll learn whether people in this field tend to work standard hours or if there are busy periods that require longer days. You might discover that collaboration is a huge part of the role, or conversely, that much of the work is done independently. All of this information helps you assess whether this career would suit your working style and lifestyle preferences.

"What do you enjoy most about your work? What do you find most challenging?"

This two-part question is incredibly revealing because it helps you understand both the highlights and the realities of any career. When someone talks about what they love about their job, you'll get a sense of what motivates them and what aspects of the work are genuinely fulfilling. This can help you assess whether those same elements would appeal to you.

The second part about challenges is equally important because every job has difficult aspects, and it's better to know about them upfront. Someone might mention that client deadlines create stress, that the work can be emotionally demanding, or that staying current with rapidly changing technology requires constant learning. Understanding these challenges helps you make a more informed decision about whether you're prepared for the realities of this career.

Listen carefully to how they talk about both the positives and negatives. If someone struggles to think of things they enjoy but immediately lists multiple frustrations, that might tell you something about either the career itself or that particular workplace. Conversely, if they light up when discussing certain aspects of their work, pay attention to what specifically energises them.

"How did you end up in this career, and was it always your plan?"

Career paths are rarely as straightforward as they might appear from the outside, and this question often reveals fascinating stories about how people actually end up in their professions. You might discover that someone stumbled into their field by accident, changed careers multiple times, or took an unconventional route to get where they are.

These stories are valuable because they show you that there isn't just one "right" way to enter most fields. Someone might have started with a completely different degree, worked in various industries before finding their passion, or discovered their calling through a part-time job or volunteer experience. This can be incredibly reassuring if you're worried about making the "perfect" choice or following a linear path.

This question also often reveals turning points or key experiences that shaped someone's career direction. They might mention a particular project that sparked their interest, a mentor who guided them, or a challenge that helped them realise what they really wanted to do. These insights can help you think about your own experiences and what might guide your decision-making process.

"What skills or qualities are most important for success in this field?"

While you can find lists of required skills in job descriptions, hearing about them from someone who actually does the work gives you a much richer understanding. They'll often mention soft skills that don't appear in formal requirements but are crucial for success, such as resilience, curiosity, or the ability to build relationships quickly.

This question helps you assess your own strengths and identify areas where you might need to develop. If someone emphasises that strong communication skills are essential, you can reflect on your own abilities in this area and consider how you might strengthen them. If they mention that attention to detail is crucial, you can think about whether this aligns with your natural working style.

Pay attention to both the technical skills they mention and the personal qualities. Someone might explain that while technical knowledge can be learned, success in their field really depends on being able to work well under pressure or being comfortable with ambiguity. These insights help you understand not just what you need to know, but what kind of person tends to thrive in this environment.

"What are the biggest misconceptions people have about your profession?"

This question is brilliant for uncovering the gap between perception and reality. Many careers have stereotypes or assumptions attached to them that don't reflect the actual work involved. A lawyer might explain that their job involves far more research and writing than dramatic courtroom speeches, or a scientist might reveal that much of their time is spent on admin and grant applications rather than exciting discoveries.

Understanding these misconceptions helps you examine your own assumptions about the field. You might realise that some of your concerns about a particular career are based on outdated or inaccurate information. Alternatively, you might discover that aspects of the job you found appealing don't actually represent the day-to-day reality.

This question often leads to really honest conversations about what the work is actually like. People enjoy setting the record straight about their professions, and you'll often get valuable insights into the less glamorous but important aspects of their work. This helps you develop a more realistic and complete picture of what you'd be signing up for.

"How has the industry changed since you started working in it?"

Every industry evolves, and understanding these changes gives you insight into where the field might be heading in the future. Someone who's been working for several years can provide perspective on how technology has impacted their work, how client expectations have changed, or how new regulations have affected their industry.

This question is particularly valuable because it helps you understand whether this is a growing field with expanding opportunities, or whether certain aspects of the work might become automated or obsolete. You might learn about emerging specialisations within the field that could be interesting to pursue, or discover that some traditional career paths are becoming less common.

The answer to this question can also reveal how adaptable professionals in this field need to be. If someone describes constant changes and the need to continuously learn new skills, you'll know that this career requires flexibility and a commitment to ongoing professional development. This information helps you assess whether this kind of dynamic environment appeals to you or feels overwhelming.

"What advice would you give to someone just starting to consider this field?"

This question invites the person to step into a mentoring role and share their wisdom about entering the profession. The advice they give often reflects what they wish they had known when they were starting out, making it particularly valuable for someone in your position.

You might receive practical advice about which courses to take, what kind of work experience to seek, or how to build relevant skills while you're still studying. They might suggest professional organisations to join, books to read, or specific areas within the field that are particularly promising for new entrants.

Sometimes the advice is more strategic, such as suggestions about how to network effectively, what to look for in your first job, or how to position yourself for career growth. This kind of insider knowledge is incredibly valuable and can help you avoid common pitfalls or make more strategic decisions about your education and early career steps.

"Are there related careers I should also be exploring?"

This question often leads to discoveries about career paths you hadn't previously considered. Most professionals work alongside people in related fields and have insights into adjacent careers that might appeal to someone with similar interests. They might mention specialisations within their own field that you weren't aware of, or suggest completely different careers that require similar skills or interests.

These suggestions can significantly expand your exploration and help you avoid tunnel vision. You might learn about careers that offer different work environments, better work-life balance, or more growth opportunities while still utilising your core interests and strengths. Sometimes these related fields are less competitive to enter or offer more diverse career paths.

This question also helps you understand how different roles connect within an industry. You might discover that there are various ways to be involved in an area you're passionate about, from hands-on technical roles to management, research, policy work, or consulting positions. This broader perspective can be incredibly valuable for your decision-making process.

"What's the work-life balance like in this field?"

Work-life balance means different things to different people, but understanding the typical expectations and pressures in a field helps you assess whether it aligns with your personal values and lifestyle goals. Some careers involve predictable hours and clear boundaries between work and personal time, while others require flexibility, travel, or intensive periods of work.

When someone answers this question, pay attention to both the formal policies and the informal culture. They might mention that while their company offers flexible working arrangements, there's an unspoken expectation that people check emails in the evening. Or they might explain that while the hours can be long during certain projects, there are also quieter periods that allow for better balance.

This question often reveals information about career progression and whether advancing in the field requires sacrificing personal time. Some professions have a culture of long hours, particularly in the early stages of careers, while others prioritise sustainable working practices. Understanding these expectations helps you make decisions that align with your personal priorities and life goals.

"If you were starting over today, what would you do differently?"

This question often produces the most candid and valuable advice because it encourages reflection and honesty. People might share mistakes they made, opportunities they missed, or knowledge they wish they had gained earlier in their careers. This hindsight perspective can be incredibly valuable for someone just starting their exploration.

The answers often reveal important insights about career development and decision-making. Someone might mention that they wish they had been more strategic about building certain skills, taken more risks early in their career, or focused more on building professional relationships. They might suggest taking advantage of opportunities that weren't available when they were starting out.

Sometimes this question reveals regrets about work-life balance, such as wishing they had set better boundaries or prioritised personal relationships more highly. These insights can help you think about what success means to you and how to structure your career in a way that aligns with your broader life goals.

Making the most of these questions

Remember that these questions are starting points for deeper conversations. The most valuable insights often come from follow-up questions based on their responses. If someone mentions a particular challenge they face, ask how they deal with it. If they describe an aspect of their work that sounds interesting, explore it further.

Also consider which questions are most relevant to your stage of exploration. If you're just starting to learn about a field, focus on questions that help you understand the basics. If you're further along in your research, you might want to dig deeper into specific aspects that matter most to you.

Most importantly, listen actively and let the conversation flow naturally. While it's good to have these questions prepared, don't feel like you need to ask all of them or stick rigidly to your list. The best informational interviews often take unexpected but valuable directions based on what resonates most with both you and the person you're speaking with.

Your next conversation awaits

Armed with these questions, you're ready to have meaningful, insightful conversations with professionals in any field that interests you. Remember, each conversation is an opportunity to learn something valuable about both the career you're considering and about professional life more generally.

The key is to approach each conversation with genuine curiosity and openness to learning. You might discover that a career you thought you wanted isn't quite right for you, or you might uncover exciting possibilities you hadn't previously considered. Either way, you'll be making more informed decisions about your future.

Explore more resources to learn about your potential future career on our website here.

How to get the most out of an informational interview

Career conversations – whether they're casual chats or more formal informational interviews – are one of the most powerful tools you have for exploring your future. They're like getting insider access to the careers you're curious about, and the best part? Most people are surprisingly happy to share their experiences with someone who's genuinely interested.

What exactly is an informational interview?

A informational interview or career conversation is simply talking with someone who works in a field or job you're considering, with the goal of learning more about what their work is really like. It's not about asking for a job (that would be awkward!) – it's about gathering honest, first-hand information to help you understand whether a particular path might suit you.

These conversations can happen in different ways. You might have a planned 20-30 minute chat with a family friend who works in marketing, bump into someone at a community event and end up discussing their career as a paramedic, or even learn from professionals sharing their experiences on podcasts or social media. The key is that you're hearing from someone with real experience, not just reading generic information online.

Understanding different types of interviews

Not all career conversations serve the same purpose, and understanding what you need can help you make the most of each opportunity:

The exploration chat

This is perfect when you're in the early stages of considering a career path. Maybe you've heard about sports psychology or environmental science, but you don't really know what these professionals actually do day-to-day. An exploration chat helps you understand the basics and might even introduce you to related careers you'd never considered.

The gap-filling conversation

You've done some research, read a few articles, maybe even looked at university courses, but you still have specific questions or concerns. Perhaps you're worried that becoming a teacher means you'll struggle financially, or you're not sure if you need to be incredibly artistic to work in graphic design. This type of conversation helps fill in the missing pieces.

The focused interview

This comes later in your exploration when you're pretty confident about your chosen field. Now you want insider information: which universities have the best reputation in this field? What skills should you be developing now? Which companies are great to work for? This conversation helps you plan your next steps more strategically.

Who should you talk to?

The good news is that potential conversation partners are everywhere – you just need to know where to look:

Start close to home

Begin with your existing network. Ask your parents, relatives, teachers, and family friends about their careers or if they know someone in the field you're interested in. Your dentist, your neighbour, your part-time job supervisor – you'd be amazed how many different careers are represented in the people you already know.

Expand through school connections

Your school's careers advisor or guidance counsellor often has connections with professionals in various fields. Many schools also have alumni networks or parent volunteer programmes where people are specifically willing to share their career experiences with students.

Professional networks and community groups

Look for local professional associations, industry groups, or community organisations. Many professionals belong to groups like the local medical association, teachers' union, or business networking groups. These organisations often welcome inquiries from students and may even have formal mentoring programmes.

Online platforms

LinkedIn can be incredibly useful for finding professionals, especially if you're looking for people in specific companies or roles. Many professionals are open to helping students and will respond to polite, well-crafted messages.

Community events and open days

University open days, career fairs, industry conferences, and community events are goldmines for meeting professionals. Don't just collect brochures – engage in conversations with the people representing different organisations.

How to approach someone for a career conversation

Asking someone for their time can feel intimidating, but remember that most people are flattered when someone shows genuine interest in their career. Here's how to make the approach:

Be clear and specific

Whether you're writing an email, sending a LinkedIn message, or asking in person, be upfront about what you're seeking. Mention that you're a student exploring career options and would appreciate a brief conversation about their experiences.

Make it easy for them

Suggest a specific time frame (like 20-30 minutes) and offer flexibility about when and how to meet. You could suggest a coffee catch-up, a phone call, or even a video chat – whatever works best for them.

Show you've done your homework

Demonstrate that you've already done some basic research. Instead of saying "tell me about marketing," try "I've been reading about digital marketing and I'm curious about how the day-to-day work differs from what I see in university course descriptions."

Subject: Student seeking career advice - Marketing Professional

Dear [Name],

I hope this email finds you well. I'm a Year 12 student at [School] currently exploring career options, and I'm particularly interested in marketing. [Mention how you found them - through LinkedIn, a mutual connection, etc.]

I've been researching the field and reading about different specialisations within marketing, but I'd love to hear about the reality of working in this industry from someone with first-hand experience.

Would you be willing to spare 20-30 minutes for a brief conversation about your career path and what working in marketing is really like? I'm happy to work around your schedule and can meet in person, by phone, or via video call – whatever is most convenient for you.

Thank you for considering my request. I really appreciate your time.

Best regards,[Your name][Your contact details]

Preparing for your career conversation

Preparation is absolutely key to making the most of your time together, and the good news is that most of the prep work is quite straightforward.

Do a bit of research

The first thing you'll want to do is learn some fundamental information about the field beforehand.

This doesn't mean becoming an expert overnight, but reading a few articles, checking out job descriptions, and familiarising yourself with common terminology shows respect for their time and allows you to ask more insightful questions. Instead of asking what marketing is, you can ask about the difference between digital marketing roles and traditional marketing positions.

Prepare some questions in advance

Write down around five to eight questions that reflect what you genuinely want to know, keeping in mind what stage of exploration you're at.

If you're just starting to explore, focus on understanding what the work is really like day-to-day. If you're further along in your research, you might want to ask about specific qualifications or next steps.

You don't need to stick rigidly to your list – the best conversations often flow naturally and take unexpected but valuable directions.

Need some help coming up with questions? We have some you might like to use below.

Be organised

Don't forget the practical side of preparation either!

Confirm the time and location the day before your meeting, and make sure you know exactly where you're going and how long it will take to get there. Plan to arrive a few minutes early, and think about what you'll wear based on the setting. If you're meeting at their workplace, err on the side of being slightly more formal than you might normally dress.

Write things down

Finally, bring a notebook and pen with you. Taking notes shows you're serious about the conversation and helps you remember important details later.

You don't need to write down absolutely everything, but jotting down key insights, specific advice, or contact details will be incredibly useful when you're reflecting on the conversation afterwards.

Essential questions to ask

The best questions are open-ended and encourage storytelling. Here are some proven conversation starters organised by exploration stage:

For early exploration

Can you walk me through what a typical day or week looks like in your role?
What do you enjoy most about your work? What's most challenging?
How did you end up in this career? Was it always your plan?
What skills or qualities are most important for success in this field?
What would someone be surprised to learn about your profession?

For deeper understanding

What are the different pathways into this career?
How has the industry changed since you started working in it?
What advice would you give to someone just starting to consider this field?
Are there related careers I should also be exploring?
What are the biggest misconceptions people have about this work?

For focused planning

Which qualifications or courses would you recommend?
What should I be doing now to prepare for this career?
Are there particular companies or organisations you'd recommend researching?
What professional bodies or resources should I know about?
What trends do you see affecting the future of this industry?

Practical questions

What's the work-life balance like in this field?
How do career progression and salary expectations typically work?
What are the main challenges facing professionals in this industry right now?
If you were starting over today, what would you do differently?

Making the most of your conversation

You've got them to give you some of their valuable time, so ensure you make the most of the conversation. There are four key things to remember here:

Listen actively - Focus on what they're saying rather than just waiting for your turn to ask the next question. Ask follow-up questions based on their responses – this shows genuine interest and often leads to the most valuable insights.
Be genuine - Don't pretend to be someone you're not. If you're nervous, it's okay to mention it – most people will appreciate your honesty and may even share their own experiences of career uncertainty.
Respect their time - Stick to the agreed timeframe unless they indicate they're happy to continue. Watch for signs that they need to wrap up and be prepared to conclude gracefully.
Show appreciation - Thank them genuinely for their time and insights. Let them know specifically what you found most helpful about the conversation.

Following up after your conversation

What you do after your conversation can be just as important as the conversation itself. A thoughtful follow-up can turn a single conversation into an ongoing connection:

Send a thank-you message within 24-48 hours, send a brief email thanking them for their time. Mention one or two specific things you learned that were particularly valuable.
Update them on your progress, and if you make decisions based partly on your conversation with them, let them know. People appreciate hearing how their advice influenced your choices.
Connect on LinkedIn if appropriate; send a LinkedIn connection request with a personalised message referencing your conversation.
Offer to help if there's ever an opportunity - perhaps with a student survey, a small research project, or by volunteering for their organisation.

Overcoming common concerns

If you're feeling hesitant about reaching out to professionals, you're definitely not alone. Many students worry that they're too young or inexperienced to have valuable conversations with working professionals.

But the reality is quite the opposite – most professionals remember being in your shoes and are often eager to help. Your youth and genuine curiosity are actually advantages. People want to support the next generation, and many professionals view these conversations as a way of giving back to their communities.

Another common concern is not wanting to bother anyone with your questions. Remember that the worst someone can say is no, and you'd be surprised how often people say yes.

Many professionals are flattered when someone shows genuine interest in their career and are happy to share their experiences. If someone can't meet with you, it's usually because of timing or other commitments, not because they don't want to help.

Making career conversations a habit

Rather than thinking of career conversations as a one-off activity, consider making them an ongoing part of how you explore your options. Each conversation adds another piece to your career puzzle and helps you build a clearer, more nuanced picture of what different paths might involve.

You might discover that speaking with three different engineers gives you vastly different perspectives on the field, or that a casual chat with someone working in social services opens your eyes to career paths you'd never previously considered.

The more conversations you have, the more confident you'll become in asking questions, engaging with professionals, and ultimately making decisions about your future.

You'll also start to develop valuable networking skills and build connections that might prove useful throughout your career. These aren't just conversations about work – they're opportunities to practice professional communication, learn about different industries, and understand how various career paths unfold in real life.

How to land your Christmas casual job

It's hard to believe, but Christmas is just around the corner. While you're focusing on a new school year, upcoming exams, and the holidays, other students are already getting ready to apply for a casual job. It's not just a chance to earn extra pocket money; you could gain valuable work experience, build professional networks, and develop skills that'll serve you throughout your career.

The downside is that hundreds of other students want the same opportunities and will be applying too. But the difference between landing your dream role and missing out entirely often comes down to preparation and timing. So if you start searching and preparing now, you could have a significant advantage over students who wait until later in the year.

Let's look at some of the steps you can take to land a Christmas casual job.

Start your preparation now

Major retailers and hospitality venues begin recruiting as early as September, with many positions already filled by November. Think of Christmas job hunting like studying for exams – the earlier you start, the better your results.

Begin by honestly assessing your availability. How many hours can you legally work at your age? Do you want to work as many shifts as possible during the Christmas period? Can you work weekends? Are you available during the week between Christmas and New Year? Different employers have varying needs, and being clear about your availability from the outset prevents disappointment later.

Start by creating a simple calendar: mark important school or personal events, exams, family commitments, and holidays you've already booked.

Next, update your resume. Even if you think it's current, chances are you've gained new skills, completed coursework, or had experiences worth mentioning since you last reviewed it. And speaking of your resume...

Showcase your best self on paper

Your resume and cover letter need to sell you to your potential employer before you even walk through the door. In the Christmas casual market, employers often receive hundreds of applications for each position, so your application really needs to shine.

Give your resume a glow up by focusing on the basics first, like ensuring your contact details are current and professional. Once you have a good base, you can tailor it for each job from there.

Your cover letter should be concise but impactful. Research each employer and mention something specific about their company. If you're applying to a bookstore, mention your love of reading. For a sports retailer, reference your athletic interests or knowledge of their products.

Don't stress if you don't have formal work experience or training - there are plenty of transferrable skills you could have learned from school, volunteering, or even helping with family businesses.

Experiences to include

School roles – peer mentoring, prefect, class representative, organising school events
Volunteering – helping at community events, sports clubs, church groups, fundraisers, op-shops
Work experience placements – even if unrelated, highlight teamwork, punctuality, or communication
Extracurricular activities – team sports, drama productions, debate teams (shows teamwork, discipline, confidence)
Babysitting, dog walking, mowing lawns, tutoring younger students – demonstrates responsibility and reliability
Technology skills – using EFTPOS in a school canteen, handling spreadsheets, or being the "tech helper"
Personal qualities – friendly, approachable, willing to learn, reliable with time commitments

Make it personal

Instead of just listing activities, phrase them in a way that connects to the position you're applying for. For example, you might mention how you helped organise and serve at a school fundraiser, which involved handling money and assisting customers - two key skills in retail positions.

Employers will want to know that you're going to be an asset who's great at teamwork, can think on their feet, and can work in busy environments. You should also feature any retail, hospitality, or customer service experience prominently - you'll need to tailor this depending on the job you're applying for.

Strategic job-hunting locations

The Christmas casual job market extends far beyond traditional retail. So, explore multiple avenues to maximise your opportunities and take advantage of what's local to you.

Major retail chains

These are an obvious starting point. Department stores, fashion outlets, electronics retailers, and supermarkets all dramatically increase their staff during the festive season. Apply directly through their websites, as many use automated systems to screen applications.

Local businesses

Many small and local businesses often provide more personalised experiences, and even potential ongoing opportunities if you want to keep working after the Christmas period. Visit stores in person if possible - sometimes a friendly conversation with a manager beats an online application.

Hospitality venues

Restaurants, cafés, pubs, hotels, and event venues experience massive demand during the Christmas season and need extra staff. These roles often offer learning experiences and networking opportunities (and you might even get tips too).

Seasonal attractions

Aside from retail and hospitality, there are some unique seasonal opportunities out there too. Christmas markets, ice rinks, Santa photography sessions, and gift-wrapping services all need temporary staff. These roles could be lots of fun and less stressful than traditional retail positions.

Online

Check large sites like Indeed, Seek, and local employment websites regularly. Set up job alerts with relevant keywords to receive notifications immediately when suitable positions appear. You can also check the careers pages for big and local businesses who you'd be keen to work for.

Social media is another great place to keep an eye out for work. From dedicated groups and pages where employers can advertise openings, to community pages listing opportunities coming up you can be a bit creative and keep your finger on the pulse. If you don't have social media, ask a parent, carer, or older sibling for some help or to forward you opportunities when you see them.

Be an entrepreneur

Lots of people go away over Christmas and need their pets looking after, gardens tending, or rubbish bins putting out - is that a service you'd happily offer? Are you fantastic at wrapping gifts or decorating, can you make delicious baked goods or craft beautiful hand-made cards or gifts?

If you have a skill or a passion that you think other people might pay for, you could use it to make some extra cash over the holidays.

Essential workplace preparation

Before you can earn your first paycheck, you'll need to do some basic admin. This preparation often determines whether you can start immediately when offered a position – a crucial advantage in casual employment.

Here in Australia for example, you'll need to obtain your Tax File Number (TFN) if you don't already have one. This process can take several weeks, so don't delay. Without a TFN, employers could deduct maximum tax rates from your pay, significantly reducing your earnings.

Open a dedicated bank account for your wages if you haven't already. Most employers pay electronically and having account details readily available speeds up the hiring process. Also consider opening a savings account to put a bit of money in and start saving for your future goals and plans (think cars, uni, gap years, and other fun stuff).

Think about superannuation too - some employers make automatic super contributions as part of your earnings, and you don't want to miss out or have them use a generic super fund provider that you can't track down later on.

Understanding your workplace rights and responsibilities protects you and shows maturity to employers. Research basic employment law, including minimum wage rates, break entitlements, and workplace safety requirements. The Fair Work Ombudsman provides excellent resources covering almost everything you need to know.

Standing out from the crowd

In a competitive market, going above and beyond could be the difference between successful candidates from disappointed ones. That doesn't mean being pushy, but being strategic and professional.

Follow up

You could follow up every application appropriately. A brief, polite email one week after applying (or after the cut-off date) shows initiative without being annoying. But if you've been explicitly asked to not to contact them, you might have to hold off.

Be prepared for interviews

Prepare thoroughly for interviews. Research the company, practice common interview questions, and prepare a couple thoughtful questions to ask (just make sure they relate to the role you're applying for).

Dress appropriately on the day - when in doubt, dress slightly more formally than the role requires.

Always thank interviewers for their time, regardless of the outcome. These small gestures demonstrate professionalism and could lead to referrals for other opportunities if you're not successful the first time.

Build your skills early

Consider gaining relevant skills or qualifications whilst job hunting. A basic food safety certificate, barista qualifications, first aid training, or customer service short courses demonstrate commitment and could put you ahead of other candidates.

There are lots of short courses, workshops, and microcredentials to explore; sometimes you can do them online, and there are often free or low-cost options to consider too.

Curate your online presence

Build your online presence professionally. Clean up any social media profiles and consider creating a simple LinkedIn profile. Many employers now check candidates' online presence during hiring, so make sure yours reflects positively on you.

Leveraging connections and networks

Don't underestimate the power of personal connections in finding Christmas casual (or other) work. Many positions are filled through word-of-mouth recommendations before they're even advertised publicly.

Let your family, friends, teachers, and acquaintances know that you're seeking Christmas work. You never know who might have connections or hear about opportunities through their networks.

Connect with students who worked Christmas casual jobs previously. They can provide insider knowledge about specific employers, application processes, and what to expect in different roles.

Approaching local businesses directly, even if they haven't advertised positions, can be worth the work too. Some employers prefer to hire proactively rather than dealing with large volumes of applications.

The long-term perspective

Christmas casual work can often lead to ongoing opportunities. Lots of people with successful careers in retail, hospitality, and customer service began with seasonal positions. So treat every role as a potential stepping stone rather than just a temporary income source.

Demonstrate reliability, enthusiasm, and professionalism throughout your employment. Managers remember excellent casual staff and offer ongoing work, promotions, call backs or references for future applications.

Remember to keep detailed records of your achievements, responsibilities, and skills learned in each role and keep your resume updated.

Ready to start your search?

The Christmas casual job market rewards prepared, proactive candidates, so update your resume, research potential employers, and submit your first applications as soon as possible.

For more guidance on developing your career and work skills, explore the resources on our site here.

Need a hand putting your resume together? You can use the Super Simple Resume Builder to get started.

Understanding workplace health and safety

Workplace health and safety (also known as WHS) is a set of national and state laws designed to protect workers from harm on the job. These rules cover everything from physical risks, like trip hazards, chemicals, and machinery, to psychological risks such as bullying, stress, and violence.

Since 2012, most states and territories in Australia have adopted a national WHS framework, but the exact regulations can vary depending on where you live or work. That’s why it’s important to be familiar with your rights and responsibilities in your specific location.

What do WHS laws mean for you?

When you start at work or change jobs, these laws mean employers must provide:

safe premises
safe machinery and materials
safe systems of work
information, instruction, training and supervision
a suitable working environment and facilities.

Your responsibilities are likely to include:

following safe work procedures
using any personal protective equipment (PPE) required
not interfering with or misusing anything provided for work health and safety at the workplace
not placing others at risk
taking every precaution with your own health and safety
seeking help if your health and safety or of that of a colleague is at risk
reporting injury or illness immediately
reporting unsafe acts or conditions
undertaking all training required as part of the WHS

What you can expect when starting a new job

Whether it’s your first job or just a change of role, your first few days will usually involve an employee induction or orientation. This process is your introduction to how the workplace operates and how to stay safe while you’re there.

A thorough induction will usually cover:

How to identify risks and hazards in your specific work environment
What to do in case of an emergency (including evacuation plans and emergency contacts)
Where to find the first aid kit and how to report injuries or unsafe conditions
The protective equipment you might need and how to use it properly
Your rights — including the right to say no to unsafe work

If you're starting in a higher-risk industry like construction, agriculture, or logistics, you can expect a more detailed safety briefing. This might include hands-on training with tools or equipment, supervision requirements, and sometimes even a short assessment to make sure you’ve understood what’s expected.

You’ll also be encouraged to ask questions, especially if you’re unsure how to complete a task safely. Most workplaces will assign a supervisor or mentor to help you settle in and support you through the learning curve.

Test your knowledge

Introduction to Safety is designed for young workers starting out in their first job. It aims to give a new workers an understanding of the basic health and safety issues they may face at work.

safe@work Self assessment tests are designed to test your knowledge of the safe@work modules. You can also earn an Award of Attainment.

Still want to read more?

For more information, including a complete list of all WHS topics, Safe Work Australia’s website provides all the information you might need.

Or you can learn more about the world of work on our website here.

How to ask for a letter of recommendation

Getting ready to apply for university, a scholarship, or your first job? Not sure how to ask someone for a letter of recommendation, or what one even is? Don't worry about feeling nervous. With a few straightforward steps, you'll be able to ask confidently and professionally, setting yourself up for success whilst building stronger relationships with your mentors.

What is a letter of recommendation?

A letter of recommendation is your secret weapon in applications. It's an external voice vouching for your abilities, character, and potential – someone reputable telling your story from their perspective. You can't just ask your parents to write one (though they'd probably love to). You need someone who's observed you in action: a teacher, mentor, or employer who can speak to your strengths. Even if an application doesn't specifically require one, including a strong recommendation could give your application that personal touch that makes you memorable.

No matter if you’re applying for university, a scholarship, or a job, knowing how to ask for a recommendation letter properly demonstrates your professionalism and respect for the writer's time. Plus, if you do it right, it might even give an extra incentive for the writer to talk you up to your prospective institution.

Choose the right person

Think of someone who's witnessed your growth, seen you tackle challenges, or worked with you on projects. Ideally, they should have expertise in the field you're applying to. If you're pursuing engineering, that physics teacher who's seen you troubleshoot complex problems is perfect. If it's creative writing, the English teacher who's guided your storytelling development knows your potential.

Example: “Dear [Teacher/Mentor’s Name],

I hope you’re doing well. I’m applying for [university/scholarship/job], and I was wondering if you would be willing to write a letter of recommendation for me.”

Master the art of timing

Teachers juggle multiple classes, marking, and administrative tasks. Employers are equally busy, so you'll need to give your recommender at least two weeks' notice - although a month is better, excluding school holidays (teachers aren't available during holidays, remember). This isn't just politeness; it's strategy. Rushing them with a last-minute request is like asking a chef to prepare a gourmet meal in five minutes. They might manage it, but the result won't showcase their best work – or yours.

Example: “I understand you have a busy schedule, so I wanted to ask well in advance if you would be able to write the letter by [specific deadline].”

Craft your request professionally

When you approach your teacher, explain what you're applying for and why it matters to you. Share information about the position or program you are applying for, and why you’re interested in it so the writer can better tailor the letter to suit. You'll also need to provide details of the deadline clearly and any specific forms or submission requirements.

Example: “I am applying for the [name of program/scholarship/job] because [brief explanation]. Your recommendation would greatly support my application as it highlights [specific skill or quality].”

What to include with your request

In addition to the application details (deadline information and any forms needing completion), you could write a brief summary as a prompt for whoever is doing your recommendation. Mention significant experiences that have shaped you, roles you've taken on, and specific examples from their class or your job. Instead of just noting you're good at teamwork, write something like: "During our history project, I coordinated our team of five, ensured everyone contributed to our research approach, and helped resolve disagreements about our presentation format." Or offer to provide your CV, a list of achievements, or specific points you'd like them to mention. This isn't about doing their job for them but helping by giving them the raw materials to craft something brilliant.

Example: “Please find attached my latest resume, a list of my accomplishments, and other information that you may find helpful.”

If the application requires contact details for school staff, always ask your teacher first, then use their school email and the school's main phone number.

Handle their response gracefully

Be prepared for any answer. If they can't write your letter due to time constraints or other commitments, be understanding and thank them graciously. Respect their decision completely – you might need their support for something else in the future.

If they agree, send a polite thank-you email summarising the key details. This shows professionalism and gives them a handy reference.

Example: “Thank you so much for considering my request, I completely understand if you’re unable to write the letter at this time.”

Follow up like a pro

A week before the deadline, send a gentle reminder. Teachers are human too, so occasionally deadlines can slip through the cracks if they're busy or under pressure. Keep it courteous and acknowledge their busy schedule.

Example: “I just wanted to follow up on my previous request regarding the letter of recommendation. I appreciate your time and effort in helping me with my application.”

7. Show gratitude

After your application process concludes, send them a thank-you note to express your appreciation. A handwritten note can be a nice touch, but an email works too.

Let them know the outcome regardless of the result. They've invested time in supporting your goals and genuinely want to know how things turned out. This follow-up is not only polite but strengthens your relationship for future opportunities and shows you value their contribution.

Example: “Thank you so much for taking the time to write the recommendation letter for me. Your support means a lot, and I’m very grateful.”

Tips for guaranteed success

Proofread your request meticulously – typos undermine the professionalism you're trying to demonstrate. Be timely with all communications, from your initial request to your final thank-you.

For a truly great letter of recommendation you'll need to engage meaningfully with potential recommenders throughout the school year. Ask thoughtful questions, contribute to discussions, and show genuine interest in their subjects. If you're at work, be a great employee, on time, get the job done, and always be respectful. Because the best recommendation requests don't come out of the blue, they're the natural result of positive relationships you've been building.

Ready to take action?

Asking for a letter of recommendation is a valuable skill that'll benefit you throughout your academic and professional journey. By following these steps, you'll not only secure strong recommendations but also learn to build lasting relationships with mentors who believe in your potential.

10 things every entrepreneur should know

Ever watched Dragons' Den and thought, "I could do that!" or had a brilliant idea whilst lying in bed at 2am? You're not alone. Entrepreneurship is like a thrilling roller coaster – terrifying and exhilarating all at once. But before you quit school to become the next Mark Zuckerberg, here are 10 things every entrepreneur should know (according the people who have been there themselves already).

Start with a problem, not just an idea

Every great businesses solve real problems or fill voids. Your mate struggling to find decent study spaces during exam season might seem like a minor annoyance, but if students across your city share that frustration, you could be looking at a real business opportunity.

Before you fall in love with your idea, ask yourself: "What problem does this actually solve?" The most successful entrepreneurs are problem-solvers first, idea-generators second.

You don't need to be the smartest person in the room

Contrary to popular belief, you don't need to be a genius to succeed in business. What you do need is curiosity, persistence, and the wisdom to surround yourself with people who know things you don't (as well as the ability to take their advice when it's offered).

Think of yourself as the conductor of an orchestra – you don't need to play every instrument perfectly, but you need to bring out the best in everyone else.

Failure is your friend (kind of)

Every entrepreneur fails. The difference between successful ones and the rest? They see that they're failing quickly, learn from their experiences, and move on. Failure isn't the opposite of success – it's a stepping stone towards it.

If your first attempt at selling homemade candles doesn't work out, don't bin the whole idea. Ask yourself what you learned, how to improve you product, branding, market placement, budgeting etc, and importantly - how you can do it better next time.

Money management is everything

You might have the best product in the world, but if you can't manage money, your business won't survive. This doesn't mean you need to become an accountant, but you do need to understand the basics: income, expenses, profit, and cash flow. You'll do well to learn about taxes and insurance too if you want to avoid problems later on.

Start simple: track every penny that comes in and goes out. There are brilliant apps and tools that can help with this, but even a basic spreadsheet will do.

Your network is your net worth

This might sound cheesy, but it's true. The people you know – and more importantly, the people who know you – can open doors you didn't even know existed.

Start building relationships now. Join entrepreneurship clubs at school, attend local business events and networks, or connect with like-minded people online. Every conversation is a potential opportunity.

Listen to your customers (they're usually right)

Your customers will tell you exactly what they want – if you're willing to listen. Don't be so attached to your original vision that you ignore feedback.

If people keep asking for a blue version of your product instead of red, maybe it's time to consider making blue ones. Your ego might prefer red, but your bank account will prefer whatever sells.

Time is your most valuable resource

Unlike money, you can't make more time. Successful entrepreneurs learn to prioritise ruthlessly. Not every opportunity is worth pursuing, and not every task needs to be done perfectly. Learn to say no to good opportunities so you can say yes to great ones.

And remember, you don't have to do everything yourself, outsource jobs and pay someone else to help out.

You need thick skin

Rejection is part of the entrepreneurial journey. Investors will say no, customers will complain, and critics will question your decisions. Don't take it personally – it's just business.

Develop resilience like you're training for a marathon. Start small and build up your tolerance for disappointment and criticism, take time to reflect on what you've been told and then.... do better.

Legal stuff matters (even if it's boring)

Ignoring legal requirements won't make them go away. Whether it's registering your business, understanding tax obligations, or protecting your intellectual property, these basics are crucial.

You don't need to become a lawyer, but you do need to understand the rules of the game you're playing. So do some research, ask for advice if necessary - getting things right and knowing what your obligations are from the start could save you a bunch of time, money, and stress later on.

There's no such thing as overnight success

Despite what social media might suggest, the majority of successful businesses take years to build. The entrepreneurs you see on magazine covers have usually been working behind the scenes for much longer than you realise, and the business that's done well probably isn't their first rodeo.

Prepare for a marathon, not a sprint. Success often comes to those who persist when others give up.

Taking your first steps

Ready to take the plunge? Here's how to begin:

Test your idea cheaply

Before investing significant money, test your concept on a small scale. Create a simple prototype, run a survey, or start with a basic version of your product (MVP) or your service (MVT).

Start while you're studying

You don't need to drop out of school, college, or uni to start a business, but there's also no need to wait to get going with your idea - many successful entrepreneurs began while they're still at school or university.

Use your current situation as a safety net while you experiment, as having a Plan B is always the best way to go.

Learn from others

Read books, listen to podcasts, and watch interviews and shows about entrepreneurship. Learning from others' mistakes and their genius tips are a sensible way to get ahead.

Find a mentor

Look for someone who's been where you want to go. This could be a teacher, family friend, or local business owner willing to share their experience.

Where to find help

There are lots of people and places that will help you to get started, be a sounding board for your ideas, offer advice and help implement solutions. Aside from your family, friends, and school networks, here are some other places to look for support:

Online resources

There are plenty of companies that offer programmes and advice specifically for student entrepreneurs, such as:

YEP (global)
Nestlé Youth Entrepreneurship Platform (global)
Young Enterprise Scheme (NZ)
ASE (Australia)
The King's Trust Free Enterprise Programme (UK)
Junior Entrepreneur Programme (Ireland)
Futurpreneur (Canada)
Future Founders (US)
YEA (US)

Government websites often have free resources and guides for starting businesses too.

Local support

Many communities have business incubators, co-working spaces, or entrepreneurship programs. Libraries often host business workshops and have resources available, or can connect you to the best places to look elsewhere.

Educational institutions

Your school, local college, or TAFE might offer entrepreneurship courses or have teachers who can guide you.

Peer networks

Connect with other young entrepreneurs through social media groups, local meetups, or entrepreneurship competitions.

Professional services

When you're ready, consider consulting with accountants, your bank, lawyers, or business advisors. Many offer free initial consultations.

Ready to start building?

Entrepreneurship isn't just about making money – it's about creating something meaningful and solving problems that matter. Whether you dream of launching a tech startup or opening a local café, these principles will serve you well.

Remember, every successful entrepreneur started exactly where you are now: with an idea and the courage to pursue it. The difference between dreamers and achievers isn't talent or luck – it's taking that first step.

Year 12 Guides